This was the lady who was good enough to
patronise the Hôtel Rataplan. Constant had
found her there, and walking straight up to her
room, had looked at her. She would have struck
him, but there was something in his look that
cowed her. He was no longer humble; no
longer her slave.

She held out her hand.

"Let us sign a treaty. Allons! Let us be
friends!"

So, without pens or paper, and on the basis of
this protocol, the treaty was signed, and they
were friends, after a fashion. And now that I
have kept Monsieur J. B. Constant so long with
his hand on the handle of the She-Wolf's door,
he may surely turn it, and go in.

          VARIETIES OF MEN.

THERE is a large sense in which it may be said
that the world about him is the making of a man.
For, the world about him, as a revelation of
Almighty power, is a daily teacher, and guides
man himself to the full possession of what powers
he was made capable of wielding. Man is shaped,
also, physically and mentally, by influences of
climate and food to a remarkable degree, and the
study of these various shaping influences of the
world he lives in, has given rise to many curious
and interesting speculations. Why, for example,
is the negro as black as a coal? Nobody knows.
Foissac ascribes his colour to the predominance
of carbon in his vegetable diet. But there is as
much carbon in the blubber eaten by the
Esquimaux. Berthold ascribed the browning of the
complexion in hot countries, to the excess of
carbon that, in spite of diminished activity of the
lungs, and increased activity of the liver, circulated
in the blood, and, with an increased perspiration,
was deposited under the skin. Coal is
carbon, so that, according to these theories, we
are browned or blackened by a sort of coal formation.
Heat will not do it all. The blackest
peoples are not found under the equator. The
blackest of the Polynesians are in the Vulcan,
and the lightest in the Coral, Islands. The
people of Van Dieman's Land are darker than
the New Hollanders who live nearer to the equator.
There are very black tribes on the east and
west coast of Africa; several hundred miles
inland they are lighter; but the sea has nothing to
do with it, for in the central part, on the same
line, they are quite black. Race, not climate,
determines colour. There is a certain limited
and transitory influence of light on the white
skin. A fair-skinned child taken from town to
the sea-side may have its face browned in a single
day, and will in a month develop much unwonted
colour under the constant influence of strong
light and the stimulus of the fresh breezes that
quicken circulation at the surface. The child
goes home to town, where its cheeks are less
sunned and less blown upon, there is no longer
a special stimulus to fetch blood to the skin, the
face returns to its old fairness, and all trace of
the influence of sun and wind will vanish, unless
there have been formed freckles, which sometimes
are permanent. It used to be said that these
freckles, to which the fairest skins are the most
liable, were deposits of " fuliginous vapour" from
the blood— another coal theory; and an old school
of physicians represented them also as deposits
of the oily or bilious part of fluids left after the
evaporation of the more watery parts. In fact,
however, they are little mysteries, common and
harmless as they are. Generally they disappear
with the summer, and their disappearance is
often attributed to the washes and messes of
quacks, who have no more power to make or
unmake them than they would have to wash out
the man in the moon, if he were there.

These obvious transitory influences, then, of
light and exposure on the skin, commonly
exaggerated even as signs of variation in the general
health of the body, have little or nothing to do
with the colours of the different races of men.
The Spaniards in South America who have not
by intermarriage with the Indians formed a
distinct race of Mestizos, are in skin and feature
Spaniards still. Those near the equator in hot
and damp Guyaquil, have even a fairer and
clearer complexion than the Spaniards in their
native country, and blue eyes and fair hair are
common among the women. In Chili, too, the
Spaniards are white and of a fresher colour than
in their own country. The Mexicans are much
darker than the aborigines of the hottest parts
of South America, the Guiacas are much lighter
than the Indians round about them. Blue eyes,
fair skin, and a red beard, characterise a distinct
race among the Berbers of North Africa. Among
the Nubians, Burckhardt recognised the descendants
of the Bosnian soldiers sent by Sultan
Selim, who settled there in the year fourteen
'twenty. On plantations in a region where the
extinct aborigines were a dusky red, and the
race now in possession has remained for generations
white, the generations of the working
negroes continue to be as black as their fore-
fathers were in Africa.

To a considerable extent the body adapts itself
to the requirements of each climate. Volney
went so far in saying that climate determines
physiognomy as to see in the negro a face acted
upon by sunlight and heat, with overhanging
eyebrows, half-closed eyelids, raised cheeks, and
projecting jaws: while another writer, Mr. Stanhope
Smith, has, upon the same principle, made
Jack Frost answerable for the short, broad,
harsh-featured face of the Tatar, by contracting
his eyebrows and eyelids, raising his cheeks, and
compelling him to keep his mouth shut as much
as possible. Certain it is that the native Peruvian,
living at heights of from seven thousand to
fifteen thousand feet above the level of the sea,
becomes broad chested by need of a larger
development of lung. A certain quantity of
oxygen the blood requires from the air, and more
room is wanted to take in a sufficient bulk of the