sect, and to favour to the utmost free growth
among men. in heart, and mind, and soul— to
cherish a sound spirit of inquiry under a firm
trust in the Divine goodness— it is not likely to
preach any religious doctrine that will be
regarded, outside the pale of the Roman Church, as
heresy in England. The parents of the children
in the Kindergarten schools are their committees,
which have stated periods of meeting, and an
active oversight over all details of instruction.

In Manchester, the Kindergarten system has
been received with emphatic favour. There is
a successful Kindergarten and a training school;
it is expected, also, that new schools upon this
principle will be established there before the
setting in of winter. Ladies of the best families
have sought and obtained from Madame Ronge
private instruction in a svstem of education
curiously fitted to develop happily the minds of
little people in accordance with the instincts
that were certainly not given to be defied and
crushed. They have obtained its help for their
own nurseries, not willing to delegate wholly to
strangers one of the first duties of the mother.
Many governesses, also, have been trained, and
for many more the ready means of training are
provided. It is accepted widely among the best
recommendations of a nursery governess that
she takes pleasure in her work, and has been
studying the Kindergarten system. In Leeds
and other large towns the new method has been
received with favour. Books and apparatus for
the Kindergarten have been ordered for the most
distant colonies—they have been sent to India
and to Australia; they are used in teaching
children of the poor, they have been supplied, also,
to the royal nursery.

To the teachers' classes in Tavistock-place it
is proposed now to add, as further development
of the original plan, a high school for young
ladies. Literature, science, and the peculiar
duties of a woman's life, will be remembered
in the discipline. Even in the scheme of this
school, also, stress is laid upon the active management
of parents. Throughout the system there
is shown a strong desire to break down the old
faith of parents that a son or a daughter, sent
to school, is, as to that matter, done with till the
holidays. Everything is made to tend towards
a closer knitting of the household bond. There
is full honour of the nature of the young, earnest
desire for the free growth of all good energies that
they possess, and a solemn, constant recognition
of the relation between parent and child, which,
after all, is that of a teacher and a pupil in its
highest and best—or in its worst—human form.

CARTOUCHE ON THE STAGE.

THE famous Parisian robber, Cartouche, has
several times been produced upon the French
stage, His last appearance was at the Ambigu-
Comique, in a five-act drama by Messieurs
Dennery and Dugué, the hero of which might just as
well have been denominated Fra Diavolo or Jose-
Maria. The piece may have brought money
into the treasury, but it was utterly at
variance with truth, and even with probability.
The real Cartouche was a little, thin, wiry,
leathery man, not five feet high; the stage
Cartouche was Frederick Lemaitre in all the
fulness of his proportions and the force of
his lungs. In the three hundred and sixty-six
files of papers which have been preserved relative
to Cartouche's band of robbers, mention is
made of very diverse objects stolen—only once
of a stolen watch. Doubtless, watches existed
at that epoch (seventeen hundred and twenty-
one), but they were very rare. Geneva was
then sole watchmaker to the universe, and did
not turn out more than five thousand watches a
year. The first scene of M. Dennery's Cartouche
opens with the theft of a watch. The
dramatis personæ are made to observe that the
brigand chief is always punctual, because he
wears the best of watches. Watches are alluded
to twenty times in the play. In the sixth scene,
Cartouche comes back from London, where he
never set foot; and he talks of nabobs at a
period when both the word and the thing had
no existence. Another character asks the way
to the barracks (still in seventeen hundred and
twenty-one); he might as well have asked the
way to the railway station.

A strong protest has been lately made against
these and other anachronisms and absurdities, by
M. Barthelemy Maurice, who has written an
authentic and exceedingly interesting history of
Cartouche (Cartouche, Histoire Authentique),
founded on six months' labour, devoted to the
consultation of original documents in the libraries
and archives of Paris. M. Maurice not only
gives us a most striking sketch of the state of
society at that epoch in the French capital, but
he also acquaints us with the very curious
means employed, while Cartouche was still a
living and a breathing man, to set his image on
the stage with perfect exactness.

It should be premised that, at that date,
criminals were very easily visited; if they were
great criminals, it was the fashion to visit them.
Their friends, acquaintances, or well-wishers,
came backwards and forwards to see them and
bring them presents of money and other means
of creature-comfort. Great ladies were not
deterred by any nice scruples from going, or
sending, to imprisoned murderers. Cartouche
did not want for visitors, and especially for
visitresses. Every lady who had any
connexion with the court, slight or intimate, every
lady who had the good luck to be acquainted
with a counsellor, an attorney, or a huissier or
bailiff, solicited, and sometimes paid dear for,
the favour of seeing Cartouche in his dungeon.
He was the lion of the day, but the lion in
chains. It is stated that the Regent himself
came, dressed up like a coarse wholesale dealer;
which did not prevent Cartouche from
recognising him, if only from the obsequious
politeness of the gaoler and the turnkeys. Madame
la Maréchale de Boufflers also paid him a visit,
and gave him eight-and-forty francs, an odd
sum in every sense of the word, and little
enough for her to offer, seeing that she had