he was crowned king on the field of battle, with
Richard's crown found in a hawthorn-bush, so
he bore the crown and bush, with the letters
H. R. and H. E., as may be seen in the windows
of Westminster Abbey chapel.

Henry the Eighth omitted the greyhound,
turned the red dragon to the left side, and took
the royal lion, which had been his crest, for his
right or dexter supporter; some say the left
was a silver bull, crowned, hoofed, horned, &c.,
"or," others a silver cock, combed, wattled, and
legged, "or," holding in his beak a slip of flowers,
golden with green leaves. Among his other
devices, were a flame of fire, and an armed leg cut
off at the thigh, the foot passing through three
crowns of gold, typifying his trampling on the
triple crown, of the Pope. He had two mottoes,
"Dieu et mon Droit," and " Semper vivat in
eterno," which he caused to be placed on the
valance of a certain splendid tent of his, the
summit of which was ornamented by his royal
beasts, the red dragon, the antelope, the lion,
and the greyhound.

Catherine of Aragon had for her badges the
rose and pomegranate conjoined, and a sheaf of
arrows; her supporters were a gold lion and a
black eagle with a golden nimbus round its
head, and golden claws. Poor Anna Bullen had
a leopard for her right hand, and for her left
a male griffin, all barbed and spiked with gold
spikes. Jane Seymour bore the lion and
unicorn. Anne of Cleves had a black lion; on her
wedding-ring was this posy, "God send me wel
to keep," and her device was an escarbuncle.
Catherine Howard had a fine coat; and
Catherine Parr a lion, with an unknown beast
chained and breathing flames. Her device was
a maiden's bust issuing from a triple rose, red
white and red.

Edward the Sixth had the same shield as his
father—his supporters still the lion and red
dragon. His badge was a cannon proper, pouring
forth flame and smoke; also a sun in its splendour;
and his motto was "Idem per diversa."
Mary bore the eagle to the right with a slip of
pomegranate below, and the lion to the left,
over a rose-branch. Her motto was "Veritas
temporis filia." Her badges were a white and
red rose, impaled with a sheaf of arrows; a
pomegranate, in memory of her mother; a sword
erect on an altar, with the motto, "Pro ara et
regia custodia." Elizabeth went back to the
lion and dragon (whence Rouge Dragon one of
the poursuivants). She bore three shields on her
coat armour: one had the arms of England and
France quarterly—this was to the right; to the
left was a shield with the Irish harp; at the
base, the shield for Wales, quarterly red and gold,
with a lion in each field countercharged, that is
of the colour opposite to the field. Her motto
was " Semper eadem;" her livery was white and
green, and her favourite badge like her mother's,
a falcon with a crown and sceptre. But she
had many badges: too many to enumerate.

James the First was the first to bear the royal
arms in any way like our present. In the first
and fourth quarters were the lions of England
and the lilies of France; in the second the red
lion of Scotland within his tressure fleury; in
the third the Irish harp. His motto was "Beati
pacifici;" his crests were the red lion of Scotland,
the English lion passant guardant, and
the fleur-de-lys, and his supporters were the lion
and unicorn; his device was a red rose and
thistle "dimidiated," and crowned. Charles
the First bore the same coat of arms, with
"Justitia et veritas" as his motto for Scotland.
On a piece struck at Holyrood, June 18, 1633, to
commemorate his coronation, was figured a large
thistle, with many stalks and heads, and "Hinc
nostræ; crevere rosæ" as the legend—from the
Scotch thistle came his right to the roses of
England. His state motto was as ours, "Dieu
et mon Droit." Charles the Second and James
the Second bore the same. William and Mary
added the arms of Orange; William's motto
being "Je meintien dray;" on his seal for
Scotland, "Favente Deo." When he landed, he
had a banner with the royal legend "Dieu et
mon Droit "—"And I will maintain it," below:
on another, "The Protestant Religion and
Liberties of England." In a certain portrait,
wherein he is painted in the habit of the Garter,
on the edge of the mantle is written "Veniendo
restituet rem." Anne had for her motto "Semper
eadem," and went back from the blue and orange
of William and Mary to the yellow and red of
the Stuarts. She changed the royal arms,
impaling England and Scotland in the first and
fourth, giving the second to the lilies of France,
and the third to the Irish harp. George the
First added a fourth quartering of his own, the
Hanoverian arms, and resumed the "Dieu et
mon Droit," with the lion and unicorn as the
supporters; though before he was king he had
had two savages to perform this office. In this
manner the royal arms continued until 1816,
when George the Third omitted the French
lilies, and put the Hanoverian quartering into an
inescutcheon. The only alteration to which,
since then, has been the omission of that shield:
when our present Queen came to the throne,
and her uncle—King of Hanover by the Salic law
—took the White Horse to himself.

               NEW WORK BY MR. DICKENS,
In Monthly Parts, uniform with the Original Editions of
                "Pickwick," " Copperfleld," &c.
          Now publishing, PART V., price 1s., of
                   OUR MUTUAL FRIEND.
                  BY CHARLES DICKENS.
              IN TWENTY MONTHLY PARTS.
         With Illustrations by MARCUS STONE.
   London: CHAPMAN and HALL, 193, Piccadilly.

  Just published, bound in green cloth, price 5s. 6d.,
                    THE ELEVENTH VOLUME.