1830. His eyes are quick and penetrating,
and his forehead broad. This citizen, if he was
not a Liberal de Corazon ten years ago, has the
most advanced political ideas. But he was,
probably, a capitalist, interested in business,
and has been subdued by their influences; or
else he held some post in the public service,
and had to consider his advancement; or he
was an artisan, or foreman, required privileges
from the government, and had, therefore, to
submit to the influence of those who had the
conferring of these privileges, and had need of
his services. He has earnest desires, but they
are kept down by the exigencies which weigh
upon him. He quibbles in stating his opinions,
and while letting you see that he is neither fish
nor flesh nor good red-herring, he loudly
proclaims his independence. He utters sounding
platitudes on the advantages of a constitutional
government, but never defines what he means.
He declares he does not like all priests, but he
does not consider them dangerous; he goes to
mass, and allows his wife to go to confession.
He proclaims equality before the law, but not
before the privileges it confers. At bottom, he
is a fairly honest man and a good citizen.

The Red Republican. His physiognomy is
severe, but you can see very little of it, on
account of the hair with which it is covered;
which neither scissors nor razor ever touch.
His eyes are oval and expressive, and gleam
beneath a pair of thick eyebrows. His mouth
is invisible, and the sounds which issue from it
are of a deep bass; he generally speaks slowly,
but when he is excited and speaks quickly, the
deep utterance of his words has an imposing
and powerful effect.

He will not hear of tergiversation in politics,
he has no sympathy for any form of government
but one—the republican. The Neo-Catholics,
the Catholics who would resort to the old system
of burning opponents, he regards as vipers, and
he asserts that the only way of preventing them
from stinging is to crush them. His politics
are of the homœopathic kind; he would destroy
those who would rejoice in destruction. To
attack public liberty, to force society back
towards the middle ages, are crimes which he
considers worthy of death. He will not yield a
hair's breadth to the arguments of his friends
the Progresistas, he is immovably opposed to
anything which looks like reactionism. For the
rest, he emulates the probity of Marat the Frenchman,
the scrupulousness of Robespierre, and the
bravery of men like Hoche and Marceau. Faces
like his must have been seen looking out through
many a loophole in the walls of Saragossa.

The Socialista. His face would be pronounced
haggard on account of the expression
of his eyes, which show how deeply he revolves
the liberal ideas of the first type described. Like
the Liberal de Corazon, his movements are free
and unconstrained, his dress is simple; his hair,
often rough and unkempt, denote the constant
occupation of his mind on an absorbing idea.
He seldom shaves, except when he is more
content than usual; this philanthropic thinker
is constantly seeking the solution of one of the
greatest problems of humanity—the extinction
of pauperism. His ideas revolve in this
labyrinth, and he suffers keenly before a frightful
conviction which he constantly repels; he sees
and understands that egotism, ambition, and
greed, are the great obstacles to the friendship
and welfare of peoples; he is alarmed by the
evils which these maintain; he dwells on the
misery which elbows riches, and forgets his own
in the efforts he makes in seeking a remedy
for these evils. His manner becomes fierce,
and he terrifies the fortunate of Madrid, who
endeavour to debase him by asserting that his
desire is to plunder them.

Progresista  He is the extinct volcano. He
is generally as much of a republican as the
Liberal de Corazon, but he maintains that the
Socialista does not endeavour to solve the most
urgent questions. He desires to moderate the
Republicano Rojo, or Red Republican, but he
does not like the Moderado. He tells you that
the time has not come for attacking the evil at
its roots. His labours must yield prompt and
peaceful results. He is not exclusive; he will
occasionally admit liberty and progress in union
with ancient traditions. He will be a monarchist
with the Bourbons or any other, while waiting for
the republic suited to the manners of his country.
The only methods he will consent to are
pacific, while he will be severe on ministers and
institutions. He avers that in Spain there are
questions requiring immediate solution of far
greater importance than those which engage the
attention of other liberals. He has a sly and
confident smile when he says that it is impossible
to construct a monument by beginning at
its summit. His appearance is indicative of the
methodical man; his hair is carefully attended
to, and his beard is rounded off in a particular
manner; he wears a satin necktie, which he
fastens with care, and has a preference for white
waistcoats and black clothing.

Unionista. Ambitious of territorial
aggrandisement, he would like the kingdom of Spain
to include the whole peninsula. He considers
the difference in the characters of the Spaniards
and Portuguese of no account. He avers that the
moral soldering of Portugal and Spain is possible
under the sceptre of the king of the former
country. This citizen has, probably, been at
Lisbon, he has seen Hesler, and kissed the hand
of the Lusitanian Dubarry, and vowed to her a
solemn fidelity. To say that the celebrated
courtesan has given him her hand to kiss, implies
that he is a lion: he parts his hair in the fashionable
style, and is particular as to his whiskers and
moustaches. He attempts to be fascinating in
his manner, and while waiting for the union of
the two peoples, he mingles the scents of
Barcelona with those of Portugal, and uses them
profusely.

Pancista. The indifferent. He is immense,
never bald, fleshy in body and mind. His hair
is combed over his large ears and gives him the
appearance of a horsedealer at a fair. He wears
a flowered waistcoat, and a red or blue cravat.
Financial companies are brimful of his
species.  He tells you with a fatuous air that