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enter on a combat of life and death. The Austrians
imagine that the object of these men is to get together
money for a new insurrection, and never seem to think
that an honest amnesty, such as would permit the men
to quit their wild way of life, might restore them to
quiet homes. On the last day of the year one of these
men was hanged at Pesth. Previous to the execution
he was taken about in a procession for two hours, during
which he sang patriotic songs and displayed a supreme
contempt for death. At the foot of the gallows an
officer read a prolix statement of his crimes and sentence.
The name of Kossuth occurred in this document, and
had no sooner escaped the lips of the officer than the
prisoner took off his hat and reverently inclined his
head. As the fatal rope was slipped over his head he
gathered up his strength and cried, " Magyars, keep up
your spirit; we'll give it them yet," and died.

Orders have been given to the agents of the Austrian
Government in Hungary no longer to designate
M. Kossuth and his compatriots in official publications
as agitators, but roundly to call them traitors, and
their proceedings not agitation but treason.

From the accounts from Madrid it appears that
General Narvaez, who had stopped at Bayonne on his way
to Vienna, whither he had been exiled by the Queen, has
addressed a letter of remonstrance to Her Majesty dwelling
on the "outrage" inflicted on a Captain-General; asking
her Majesty whether she has forgotten so "many services"
she herself termed "eminent;" and, lest she should,
recapitulating in general terms the story of her elevation
to the throne. He assigns as the motive of the conduct
of the Government towards himself on this occasion, the
desire to prevent him from taking an active part in the
electoral meetings. He demands reparation for the
offence offered to his dignity and his person by the order
of the 9th December, driving him from Spain. The
Queen has replied, through her Minister, that her
"royal mind was pained by the reading of a document
in which there is not only want of respect to her royal
person," but contraventions of the law on the press, as
the letter was "clandestinely distributed " as a fly-
sheet. Narvaez is further informed that he has incurred
the "highest displeasure" of the Queen; who again
orders him to go to Vienna and study the military
archives.

A letter from Florence, dated the 18th inst., says:—
"One of those domiciliary visits by the police, technically
called 'perquisizione,'  which have of late years become
no uncommon occurrence, though contrary to all existing
treaties, was perpetrated the other day on the houses of
two persons living under British protection. The
persons who have been the objects of this outrage are
Mr. Lawley, and M. Bertolacci, a Corsican by birth,
but who served in the British army during the last war,
and is still in receipt of a pension from our Government.
They both live in country-houses, in the neighbourhood
of the Pontadera station of the Leghorn Railway.
Mr. Lawley has a large farm, and M. Bertolacci
devotes himself, it would appear, more to horticulture
than agriculture, for the only suspicious article found
on the premises of either, after a most rigorous search,
was a letter in the pocket of M. Bertolacci from a
M. Bastiano, a friend of his at Leghorn, thanking him
for his present of a magnificent red cabbage, which, as
the writer declared, had created quite a ?furore’ at
Leghorn, and was eagerly partaken of 'even by the
Austrians.' This mysterious allusion naturally excited
suspicion in the minds of the astute police, "who can
detect the seeds of revolution even in a head of
cabbage, and M. Bertolacci narrowly escaped incarceration
as a cure for his love of vegetables."

A trial has taken place at Genoa similar to that of the
Madiai in Tuscany. The name of the accused is Daniel
Mazzinghi, 25 years of age, and a surgeon by profession.
The trial took place with closed doors, but it is said that
he was charged with having, in company with Captain
Pakenham, of the British navy, preached against the
religion of the State and in praise of Protestantism.
He was sentenced to imprisonment for three years, by
virtue of the 164th Article of the Penal Code.

The government of Baden is most rigorous in the
suppression of liberal opinions. A new work by
Gervinus, entitled "An Introduction to the History of
the Nineteenth Century," has been seized by the Baden
police at Heidelberg, and its author summoned to trial
for "exciting to high treason and disaffection to the
Constitutional Government." The proscription of the
treatise of Gervinus has been followed up by new and
vexatious restrictions on travelling. Notice has been
given to the agents and managers of the steam-boat
companies that they must not take any one on board
for purposes of conveyance who cannot give a
satisfactory account of the object of his journey, and produce
his passport and papers in good order. For any
legitimation passed by the steam-boat agents and
subsequently found defective the company will be held
responsible in damages. At Stuttgart the police have
paid visits to every bookseller in search of Gervinus's
book, without, however, finding any copies. Gervinus
himself, according to letters from Berlin, will hasten
from thence to Baden to meet the charges of the public
prosecutor.

The province of Montenegro, on the Dalmatian Coast,
is in full revolt against the authorities of the Porte.
The Turks have already commenced offensive operations
against Montenegro. Eight battalions had arrived
from Bosnia, and pitched their tents on the Turkish
frontier, at Veleme, within six hours' march of the
mountains, waiting for further reinforcements. The
Imperial Adjutant-General Kellner von Köllenstein
had caused the Austrian outposts near Montenegro, at
Dragal, to be strengthened, and was on his way back
to Vienna. The army of Omer Pacha is said to
number 12,000 regular troops and 5000 Arnauts or
guerillas. The loss of the Montenegrins in a late
engagement near Zobljah, is stated to have been 60
wounded and 42 killed. The entire Turkish expedition
against Montenegro comprises 34,000 soldiers.

Advices from Constantinople state that the intelligence
from the Caucasus received there, through Trebisond,
was very unfavourable to the Russians. Besides the
victories of Chamil Bey, who had forced the Russians to
abandon the positions gained last year, Mehemet
Arnim, his Naib among the Circassian tribes on the
coast of the Black Sea, had collected all the provinces
hostile to Russia under his sovereignty, and had
recently achieved remarkable success. A fact which
seemed to give confirmation to this intelligence is that
several Circassian vessels had arrived at Trebisond,
Synope, and Constantinople with slaves, having forced
the line of Russian vessels which blockaded the
Circassian coast.

The dates from New York are to the 8th instant.
The Senate at Washington have suspended the debate
on the tripartite treaty for the defence of Cuba,
proposed to the United States by France and England, but
rejected. The president subsequently had before the
Senate the correspondence relative to this treaty. It is
highly important. Lord Malmesbury proposed the treaty
in April last, in a letter to Mr. Crampton. Referring
to the lawless attacks made on Cuba from the United
States, Lord Malmesbury says that they had engaged
the serious attention of Her Majesty's Government,
"the more especially as they are most anxious that the
friendly relations existing between the Governments of
Great Britain and the United States should not be
endangered, as they might be, by a repetition of such
attacks." He then states that France and England
concur entirely with the views of the United States, and
"would never see with indifference the island of Cuba
in the possession of any power but Spain:" and he
proposes, in order that the matter should be placed on
such a footing as to preclude all hazard of a collision
between the three powers, in the event of the aggressions
on Cuba being repeated, that they should collectively
renounce all intention to obtain possession of Cuba, and
to discountenance all attempts to do so. On the 1st
December 1852, Mr. Everett, the successor of Mr.