during a fresh war, the supposed prize was
pounced upon by England with another
expedition. Four thousand men, under Sir David
Baird, landed in Lospert's Bay, a little to the
north of Cape Town; presently fought a battle
with the Dutch, defeated them, and took the
Cape Town, by capitulation, two days afterwards.
The whole colony was soon abandoned
to the British, and being confirmed to England
by the peace of 1814, we have since had
undisturbed possession.

The internal history of the Cape Colony
after its first establishment, was for a long
time very simple. The Dutch colonists
increased and multiplied, together with their
flocks and herds. A pasture farm requiring
elbow room, there were always many
emigrants who preferred passing the colonial
bounds, to live in country unappropriated by
their civilised companions. As the men and
women multiplied outside, they were included,
of course, in the body of the colony, and new
outposts were established in the succeeding
generation. The Hottentots or Quaiquæ,
were a soft material, and suffered the colonists
to penetrate until they arrived, eastward, at
the Sunday River, where they met with a
hard obstruction, in a prickly fence of men,
most unaccommodating in their disposition;
these were the Amakosa Kaffirs.

The Kosa clans had come from the north-
east to settle as far south as the Great Kei
River, nearly at the same time that the Dutch
came across the sea to plant their colony in
Table Bay. The whole country before that
time, as far north as the tropic—and in some
directions farther—had been most probably
peopled by the Quaiquæ, whom the Dutch
called Hottentots. The Amakosa (Ama is a
plural prefix to the name of the tribe Kosa)
led by a chief named Toguh, purchased of the
natives their new ground. Now, as the
Dutchmen spread and multiplied, the Amakosa
Kaffirs also spread, passed the Great Fish
River, and reached Sunday River, where, after
many years of separate prosperity, the
colonists and Kaffirs came in contact with each
other.

The Kaffirs are so called by Europeans,
who adopt an Arabic word, meaning"
Unbeliever," borrowed from Mahometan slave-
traders of the Mozambique coast. It is no
native name; and is applied by us to a race
of the (perhaps mixed) negroes of Southern
Africa distinctly marked and separated from
the Hottentots, the Bushmen, and the Congo
and Loango races, which, with the Ovahs of
Madagascar, are all that are indigenous to
Southern Africa. These races differ from the
other negroes of Africa by being lighter in
complexion, and less decidedly negro in feature;
it is supposed that they have been altered by
intermixture with an Asiatic race.

A Kaffir is a tall, well-proportioned, and
athletic man; the lower part of his face
scarcely protrudes, his eyes are keen, and his
features are not without intelligence. He
has not yet learned to abstain from hair-
powder, daubing his hair thoroughly with
red-ochre. In a skin cloak, which the
Europeans call kaross, his fine dark limbs show to
advantage, and with a spear in his hand
(called by the colonists an assagai) or resting
on a club, he would form no bad model for
the sculptor. The Kaffirs are divided into
independent clans, each under its own chief,
the chiefs being all descendants of Toguh.
They are cattle-keepers, feeding upon meat
and milk, like our old Highland clans; and,
like them, they enjoy a raid, and glory in the
sport of cattle-stealing.

Awkward neighbours these for the fat
herds of the Dutch farmers or Boers. The
Dutchman's tranquillity was soon disturbed,
and his imagination, similar to that of Mr.
Willet, senior, would be very slow in
comprehending the peculiar race with which he had
to deal.

Well, then, the colonists and Kaffirs became
neighbours at the Sandy River, where the
Kaffirs occupied a tract of ground which they
had bought of the Gonaqua Hottentots. No
doubt the mouths of the Kaffirs watered
when they saw the fatness of the cattle, which
lowed " come and fetch us " from adjacent
fields; but it appears that for some time they
remained good and quiet neighbours. The
colonists continued, as they had hitherto done,
to extend their common boundary, by
supplying men who established themselves in
farms beyond the limits; as from a great
strawberry-bed, suckers were sent out which
took root in a portion of the Kaffir country.
These suckers having grown sufficiently, the
boundary was extended by the Colonial
Government, and some of the Kaffirs who had
not stirred from their own soil, found
themselves in the position of intruders within the
colony; so, at least, the Boers considered
them. No doubt the Kaffirs thought that
good people, who appropriated their land so
unceremoniously, were fair game, and ought
not to complain if, in their turn, they lost oxen.
Perhaps it was want of imagination in the
farmers, but they did complain, nay, they
became very much exasperated. And it was
here that the long series of mistakes began,
which have been since adding entanglement
upon entanglement, until we are at length
presented, in our own day, with a formidable
knot. There is in the Kaffirs no inherent
inability to assent to whatever is true and
just; but seeds of war were diligently sown;
we may sow peace now in the harvest time,
it is too late; war must be reaped.

The Boers became exasperated, and took
pains to get the Kaffirs from their neighbourhood.
It is said that the people of one tribe,
the Amandanka, which they hated most, were
bidden to a friendly conference, and shot by
wholesale while they were collecting beads
and toys thrown down before them. This story
is told by Le Vaillant, and also by the Rev.
Mr. Brownlee. It is at least certain that the