whom it is entrusted " to pull a proof " of the
chalk-drawing in question, proceeds first
deliberately to fill a sponge with as much clean
water as it will conveniently hold, and to
wash out the whole drawing—the stone
presenting exactly the same appearance as it
did before it knew chalk or pencil.
Professor Cruck's effigy is, to the sight,
annihilated beyond all hope. The printer, after
covering the stone with a coat of gum (which
fills up, where there are no markings, the
pores of the stone), takes a printing-roller,
charged with ink; and, rolling it in various
directions over the surface of the drawing,
the latter gradually becomes manifest in all
its desired intensity. The colouring-matter
in the ink or chalk, I need scarcely say, is
merely added for the convenience of the
draughtsman, in order that he may watch
the progress of his work; otherwise colourless
chalks would answer the purposes of
lithography just as well.

A chalk-drawing will yield from two
thousand to five thousand impressions,
according to the care bestowed upon it, both
in drawing and printing. After a heavy
impression, however, the light tints in the best
executed lithographs will sometimes break up,
and the whole drawing print grey and cloudy.
The darker parts can be mended with ink,
but no more chalk can ever be added. When
the required number of prints has been taken
from a stone; but when it is, at the same time,
probable that a further impression may be
wanted, it is customary to " roll in" the stone
with a " preserving ink," the principal ingredient
in which is wax, as the ink ordinarily
used in printing would, if left on the drawing,
harden, choke up the tints, and irretrievably
spoil it.

There are two or three more processes
employed in the production of stone-pictures.
Our readers may have seen—the fairer portion
of them are sure to have admired—in the
music-sellers' windows, the beautiful Music
Albums, so gorgeously executed in gold and
colours. These are entirely executed in " chromo-
lithography," or by means of "tint-stones;"
and for each colour or tint a separate stone
is required, and a separate printing. Great
care is requisite to prevent the prints shifting,
when many tints are used. When this happens,
the gay cavalier's eyes are transposed to the
centre of his throat; or a Mademoiselle
Jenny Lind's ankles disport themselves in the
centre of her gaily decorated drum.

Chromo-lithography, like every other process
of the art, was suggested by Aloys Senefelder;
but since his time it has been wonderfully
improved and elaborated; principally by
Messrs. Day and Haghe, Messrs. Hanhart,
and the late Mr. Hullmandel. Mr. Louis
Haghe, indeed, has been quite a stepfather to
lithography; and his magnificent chromo-
lithograph of the Destruction of Jerusalem by
Titus goes far to show of what printing in
colours is capable.

Such are a few of the methods by which
"Stone Pictures " are brought forth—
pictures which, though they may serve no very
severely utilitarian purposes, yet encourage a
love of art among the people; and, with the
sister craft of wood-cutting, give pleasure
and instruction to thousands all over the
world.

BOMBAY.

WE left Aden on the 28th of July last, and
for the greater part of the passage, up to the
4th of July, we had favourable weather, the
monsoon accompanying us and driving us
along under reefed fore-sail, and half steam,
at the rate of about eight knots an hour, a
tremendous sea following us.

Our ship was long and low, and rolled
heavily, having in our voyage from Suez
consumed the greater part of her fuel, which the
stores at Aden were not in a condition to
replenish. The south-west monsoon renders the
whole western coast of India a dangerous lee-
shore, and to be caught on it, in thick weather,
in a steamer, without plenty of coal, is to
find one's-self in a very serious predicament.
That our Captain thought so was very evident.
At two o'clock in the afternoon we had struck
soundings in fifty fathoms; at four we were
shoaling our water fast, with wind increasing,
sea running high, and the atmosphere so thick
that standing near the binnacle one could
hardly see the funnel. As the evening closed
in, the captain became nervous. By seven we
had shoaled to sixteen fathoms. " I wish we
could get a glimpse of the lights," said he,
forgetting that if we did—so thick was the
haze—they must have been under the gib-
boom end. The rain poured in torrents,
accompanied by tremendous squalls from the
south-south west. " You had better ease the
steam, Mr. Jones," said he to the first
lieutenant, " and round her to for the night."—
"Aye, aye! " down went the helm, and
instead of wearing; which would have been
the more prudent course, the vessel was thus
brought head to wind. During this operation,
a heavy sea struck the starboard paddle-box
and swept the deck, rushing in formidable
cascades down the main hatch into the engine-
room, and very nearly extinguishing the fires.
The steam generated by so much water coming
in contact with the blazing furnaces, rolled up
the hatchway in volumes of white vapour,
which, in the darkness of the night, made us
all fancy that some terrible explosion had
taken place below; the same sea inundated
the cabin, and fairly drove all its inmates on
deck. A general impression prevailed that
the ship was going down; which was not a
little aided by a succession of heavy seas, into
which she plunged, and dipped, and rolled in
a very alarming manner. The change, from
going before the gale to breasting it, was most
extraordinary: the force and fury of the
wind—although in reality no greater than