to the tune of the Hundredth Psalm,—
since these events, good Herr Eselskopf
would have none of them. They met after
that at a little gasthaus in Whitechapel,
formerly known as the " Schinkenundbrod, " or
German sandwich house; but Strauss, the
landlord, in compliment to the severe political
principles of his guests, rechristened it under
the title of the " Tyrants' Entrails." Liberty,
equality, and fraternity were here the order
of the day, until Dominico Schiavonne was
stabbed by an Italian seaman from the docks,
because he was a Roman; the assassin being
subsequently knived himself by another seaman,
because he was a Tuscan.

Well, well! Can ever a pot boil without
some scum at the top? There is bellow and
black smoke as well as a bullet to every
blunderbuss.

NOTES FROM NORWAY.
SUMMER AMONG THE FARMERS.

IN a country which, like Norway, can hardly
be said to possess more than two seasons,
summer and winter, one must " make hay
while the sun shines." The frost is generally
in the ground from October till May, or the
beginning of June, and none of the chance
thaws pierce the surface of the soil when it
is once fast frozen. Frequently the crops are
scarcely cleared and there remains no time for
ploughing, before winter takes the farms into
its keeping. Nevertheless, when he has once
broken the ice, the sun is anything but bashful,
and his small talk, in the shape of vegetation,
springs up with a wonderful rapidity. A
doubtful summer is a certain loss; for the
short season does not permit of waste time to
be recovered. Even in ordinary years, many
little devices, equally unknown and unnecessary
in our more favoured land, are employed
to help the farmer forward.

The hay-season lasts from the end of July
to the end of August or beginning of
September; all hands are pressed into the service,
and the horse demanded by the traveller who
journeys post, is very grudgingly bestowed.
The hay-field itself has not an English look;
the stunted grass is thickly interspersed with
weeds and wild flowers of many kinds, among
which one sees commonly the tall French
willow.

Women, as well as men, are employed in
mowing, and the cut grass is usually hung on
racks about the field, to catch every ray of
sun and every breath of wind. When it is
dry enough, they take it home on hay sledges
—carts resembling a cattle-crib set on wooden
skates, with two little wheels behind, not
larger than a pair of dinner plates. These
carry a very light load, and contrast greatly
with our large and solid hay-carts. The hay
in the sledges is conveyed, not to a rick-yard,
but into the upper story of the large barn
which forms part of every homestead. It goes
up by means of an inclined plane, generally
formed of logs laid crosswise, up which the
sledge goes, horses and all. In the landing
at the top it is unloaded, the hay being
conveniently deposited in the loft over the stable.
But hay is not the only food housed for the
maintenance of cattle during the long winter.
Straw is chopped up for them, and the leaves
of many trees (such as the alder, poplar, &c.)
are used to eke out other provisions. As
autumn comes on, one may see women and
children busily at work laying bare the
anatomy of these trees, and carrying the
leaves home in bundles on their heads. The
people even pay a rent to the owners for a right
to secure this addition to their winter stores.

The hay-season is closely followed by the
harvest. Wheat is not much grown; it is
only here and there that there occur small
patches of it, and what I have seen has been
so thin and poor, that it certainly seemed
scarcely to repay the cost of cultivation.
Barley and rye are the customary crops, with,
perhaps, nearly an equal quantity of oats.
Here, again, women are to be seen at work
reaping, almost as frequently as men. The
corn is cut very close to the ground, to secure
as much of the straw as possible. After lying
a few days, it is stacked for drying and ripening,
but not quite in the same manner as the
hay. At regular intervals throughout the
field are planted stout strong poles of ten or
twelve feet high; to these the sheaves are
bound from top to bottom, all the heads being
turned towards the south, the warmest
quarter, to ripen. This arrangement gives
the corn-field a most curious appearance,
particularly towards evening, when the sun is
low and the long shadows fall slanting from
each laden pole; the fields then seem to be
alive with giants. Sometimes, the corn is cut so
green that it remains standing in this way even
during the first frosts. Now and then I have
seen it hung out on horizontal beams,
protected by a roof from some part of the cold,
while the wind had full liberty to travel
through the building. After all, it will
occasionally happen that none of these means
properly succeed; so it was, for instance, in
the autumn of 1851, when the rye was very
green and damp, and rye being the staple
food of the people, a great deal of sickness
was occasioned.

Oats are used very much for flad-bröd,
which closely resembles the Scotch bannock;
it is oatmeal rolled out to the thinnest possible
extent, and being skilfully transferred by
means of a couple of irons or sticks to a girdle
or round plate of iron, supported on a tripod
over a bright wood fire, it is there allowed to
bake for about five minutes, being turned two
or three times during that space of time. It
is then piled up on a hanging raft, such as is
used for bacon in our midland counties. When
crisp, this oat-cake is really excellent, much
better than flad-bröd made of wheaten-flour;
for that is disagreeably insipid.

Another piece of autumnal farm business