displays in his description of the steed
rode by that mad wag, Petruchio:—"His
horse hipped with an old motley saddle,
the stirrups of no kindred: besides,
possessed with the glanders, and like to mose
in the clime; troubled with the lampass,
infected with the fashions, full of windgalls,
sped with spavins, raied with the yellows,
past cure of the fives, stark spoiled with
the staggers, begnawn with the bots;
swayed in the back, and shoulder-shotten."
Inferior horses are useful in the baggage-
train; for which mules and oxen are also
found useful; the latter, especially, for heavy
draught in a rugged country. The ox is
welcome for a more substantial reason, as he
yields, when the time comes to cut him up,
three hundred and seventy-live to five
hundred rations of beef of one pound and a
quarter to each man; while a sheep
furnishes only forty to fifty rations. Although
the camel, in a sandy soil, goes only two
miles an hour, he will keep it up for twenty
hours, and carry six to ten hundred weight.
Camels are important assistants in Indian
warfare, and they have been found of great
use in the Crimea. Cattle employed for the
conveyance of baggage are technically called
bat (sounded "baw") animals, just as officers'
servants are styled "baw" men.

From an interesting chapter on strategical
science, we learn, among other things, that
"a gentle slope is the most advantageous
ground to have in front of a battery;" and
that "fifty to one hundred and fifty yards of
soft marshy ground, where the enemy's
shot would sink; gullies or ravines crossing
the enemy's fire at right angles, with a
terrace of six to ten feet elevation, about
twenty paces in front of a battery; are all
good obstacles to the enemy's fire." This
almost describes, verbatim, the best points
of the Russian position above the Alma.

Some curious facts and calculations relative
to the distance and proximity of an
enemy, so important to be judged of in
warfare, are set forth by the same authority.
It is calculated that if the enemy's
cavalry are one thousand yards off when
they begin to move, they will take about
seven minutes to come up—first at a gentle
trot, then at a round trot, and finally at a
gallop; and, during this interval, each gun
can discharge at them, with great precision,
ten rounds of round shot and four of case shot
(that is, shot put up into a cylinder); or
about one round every half minute. This is
exclusive of the fire of the infantry with
their small arms. The effects of a steady
fire may be instanced by what took place at
Dresden under Napoleon's eye. A body of
eight thousand splendid Austrian cavalry
dashed down an easy slope at the French—a
terrible sight to a young recruit; but on
this occasion they were met by the Emperor's
Old Guard, who were used to it. They
reserved their fire till the enemy were close
upon them; and, when they did fire and the
smoke had cleared away, four thousand of
that immense host were on the ground, either
killed or dismounted by the death of their
horses.

At two thousand yards off a single man or
horse looks like a dot; at twelve hundred
yards infantry can be distinguished from
cavalry; at nine hundred the movements
become clear; at seven hundred and fifty yards
heads of columns can be made out. Infantry
marching send out strong lights, and, if the
reflection be brilliant, it is probable that they
are marching towards you. The dust raised by
cavalry and artillery forms a thick cloud; but
this is fainter when caused by infantry.

Under the head of Marches, we are
reminded of Marshal Saxe's profound dictum,
that the whole secret of war is in "the legs."
Marches preface the victories, which battles
decide, and pursuit completes. The order of
march of an army is this,— infantry, artillery,
baggage, cavalry; and a column of thirty
thousand men thus disposed, would occupy
three miles, and would require two hours at
least to range in two lines of battle. A day's
march with the lightly armed Romans was
eighteen and a half miles; but, for ordinary
armies in modern times fifteen miles is allowed,
in consideration of the artillery, baggage, and
other impediments. But we must not overlook
what can be done on extraordinary
emergencies.

For instance, General Crawford astonished
even the Duke of Wellington, when he joined
him after the battle of Talavera, with his
light brigade, having marched sixty-two miles
in twenty- six hours. Lord Lake's cavalry
gallop of seventy-three miles, to the scene of
Holkar's defeat at Furruckabad, was
performed in the same number of hours. In
forced marches, the greatest obstacle to the
infantry is blistered feet, to prevent which,
feet should be greased well beforehand. Tallow
dropped from the candle into common
spirits, and rubbed well into the feet, is a
cure of blisters already raised. The ordinary
quick step is equal to three miles an hour;
but this rate cannot be kept up after the first
hour or two. Double quick is at the rate of
seven miles an hour. On parade, a military
pace is thirty inches, two thousand one
hundred and twelve of which equal a mile.

Where troops sleep without cover— as we
know will sometimes happen with the best
regulated armies— and must often happen in
armies under red-tape rule, in which the
men are governed by the general, their food
by the commissariat, and their tents by the
ordnance; each department utterly independent
of the other— they sleep with their feet
towards the fire (one fire to six men); but in
a marshy country they should be made to
sleep between two fires, which promotes a
free circulation of air— the great secret of
health where fever and ague are prevalent.
A useful cookery hint:— Take your