that they may be years of pure blessing for this royal
house aud this brave people. Once again, gentlemen,
'The Past, the Present, and the Future.'"

It will be remembered that, some months ago, several
Circassian cavalry soldiers deserted from the Russian
army in Poland and came over to Prussia to serve in
the war which, they heard, was about to commence.
They were ordered to deliver up their arms and
surrender till the Prussian authorities should decide as to
sending them back. This they refused; and on force
being used they shut themselves up in a farm-house,
where they made an heroic defence, in which several
Circassians and Prussians were killed. The survivors
were at length made prisoners, and have been put on
their trial on the 20th inst., at Bromberg, for resistance
to the armed authorities. The jury returned a verdict
of guilty, and the court sentenced them to two years'
imprisonment in a fortress—a leniency giving great
satisfaction to the crowded audience, who felt a strong
sympathy for the men. The Circassians returned
thanks to the judge, saying that sentence of death
would in Prussia be more welcome to them than pardon
in Russia. But at the expiration of their imprisonment
they will, it is feared, be claimed by the Czar, and
Prussia has bound itself by treaty to deliver up deserters.

Advices from Berne of the 21st inst. inform us of an
insurrection which has broken out at Interlaken. A
band of insurgents attacked the Government-house on
the 20th inst. They were opposed by the troops, and
an engagement ensued, in which the rioters were
repulsed. The Stadtholder, Dr. Müller, was seriously
wounded. Interlaken and the neighbouring passes
have been occupied by the Bernese troops.

The accounts from Rome mention the case of a man
who was brought to trial after eighteen months'
confinement. As he was being conducted up to the tribunal
he broke from his gaolers and threw himself out of a
high window which happened to be open on the staircase,
falling with such violence on the pavement as to
be killed on the spot. He was a carpenter from Palo,
whose crime was that of having marched with the
Roman Legion into Lombardy, and subsequently aided
in the defence of Rome against the French. Some of
the Roman soldiers who recently fought with and
wounded the French, in pothouse squabbles, have been
condemned by a French court martial to fine and
imprisonment for various terms.—The removal of
General Changarnier from the command of the army
of Paris, and the appointment of General Baraguay
d'Hilliers to that of all the troops of the first military
division, have produced great uneasiness in the
ecclesiastical circles, since the sentiments so freely expressed
by the latter officer, on his return to the Legislative
Assembly, with respect to the Roman question, have
disposed them to class him amongst the enemies of the
Church, or, at any rate, only amongst her lukewarm
supporters.

The Turkish intelligence contains an account of the
Punishment of a Rebellious Pacha. Some disturbances
in Bosnia having been suppressed, Omer Pasha, the
Seraskier, made his triumphal entry into Bosna Serai
on the 17th of December. Mahmud, the rebellious
Pasha of Tuzla, rode on a miserable saddle affixed to
the back of a peasant's sorry jade. After him rode the
other prisoners, the musselims, the cadis, &c, each
horse being attached to the saddle of its predecessor.
Four Nisams (Christians), dressed as jesters, with cap
and bells, and performing all kinds of antics, led on
the mournful procession. After this Mustapha Pasha
Babic was led on foot through the streets, and it is
said that the sad spectacle drew tears from the eyes of
many of the Turks who stood round. Mahmud Pasha
had escaped to Vinkovze, in Slavonia, but for some reason
unknown he returned to Tuzla, and voluntarily
surrendered himself to the Seraskier, who has treated him
as above mentioned, and paid the arrears of his troops
with the 18,000 ducats which he found in the fallen
despot's possession.

New York papers have been received, down to the
15th instant. They contain the Annual Report of the
Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Corwin, which forms
a supplement to the President's message on the opening
of Congress, and is the basis of the President's financial
recommendations. In the Senate, Mr. Benton had
introduced a bill embodying a magnificent scheme for
carrying a treble road from St. Louis on the Mississippi
to the Bay of San Fransisco on the Pacific coast of
California. The line would include a railroad, a plank-road,
and a common highway, with military posts; the
Indian titles would be bought, and a tract of 100 miles
wide be granted for settlers and public purposes. The
line would be 1600 miles in direct length; there would
be one branch of 300 miles to Santa Fé, and another
branch to Oregon of 500 miles: the whole amount of
land granted would be 150,000,000 acres. In the House
of Representatives, a Government measure for the
reduced postage had been made a special order of the day
for early discussion. A resolution had been adopted by
the House of Representatives to refer to the Committee
on Naval Affairs a proposition that the President should
give notice to Great Britain of a desire to withdraw
the squadron at present stationed on the West Coast of
Africa to co-operate with us in suppressing the slave-trade.

The Anglo-Norman steamer had blown up, on the
Mississippi, with three hundred persons on board:
nearly a hundred were lulled. Three editors of
newspapers, M. Senator Junius Beebe, and a number of
leading citizens, were among those who perished.

The steamer Knoxville, bound for Nashville, while
pushing from the Levee, on the 18th December, burst
all her boilers; killing and wounding about twenty
persons, and damaging boats lying alongside.

The annual report of commerce and navigation gives
the following aggregate of the number of steam-boats
built in the United States since 1824, twenty-five years,
in periods of five years each—From 1824 to 1829, 194;
from 1829 to 1834, 304; from 1834 to 1839, 504; from
1839 to 1844, 522; from 1844 to 1849, 969; total, 2492.
Two-thirds of these are built in the West, one-sixth of
them in Ohio. The largest number of steamers built at
one place are built in Pittsburg and its neighbourhood. |

A correspondence has been read in the Senate between
the Austrian Minister and the United States Government,
touching the appointment by the latter of an
agent to the de facto Government of Hungary during
the struggle of that country with Austria. The Austrian
Chargé, in his letter, assumes a very solemn tone, and
treats the matter as one of the very highest importance.
He very gravely remarks that the circumstance is one
which the Austrian Government cannot overlook; that
he solemnly protests against it as contrary to the comity
of nations, and as a violation of the American doctrine
of non-intervention. He further intimates that unless
full satisfaction is afforded, ulterior measures will be
resorted to. The reading of this bellicose document in
the Senate caused considerable merriment.

The accounts from Peru are very distressing; bands
of brigands from the interior were infesting the city of
Lima and neighbourhood, committing the most
outrageous robberies aud murders, and the Government
had not the power to put them down. A perfect panic
existed among the inhabitants who had property of any
value at stake, and they were barricading their houses,
determined to defend themselves as well as they could
against these ruffians.

The latest accounts from California attach immense
importance to the recent discoveries of gold in the
quartz rocks. If the amount of gold thus to be obtained
turn out half as much as, it is said, every one believes,
mining may be regarded as being yet in its infancy.
The rapid progress of the city of San Francisco is one of
the greatest wonders of modern times. Already its
population amounts to 50,000. The place was never
intended by nature as the site of a large town. Large
hills and bluff rocks cover the principal parts, but man
is doing what nature had not done—levelling enormous
sand banks, and filling up immense cavities. Miles of
rock, at least 40 feet high, are being levelled. The
streets are being planked, and a planked road for four
miles is going on. Wharves are extended into the bay,
one of which is 2000 feet in length, and cost about
250,000 dollars. There are ten others nearly finished,